Understanding Autism
What every parent should know about autism spectrum disorder — from early signs to diagnosis and the importance of early intervention.
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts socially, and processes the world around them. It is called a "spectrum" because it presents differently in every individual — ranging from people who need significant daily support to those who live independently with minimal assistance.
According to the CDC, approximately 1 in 36 children in the United States is diagnosed with ASD. Autism occurs across all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups and is about four times more common in boys than in girls.
Early signs to watch for
While autism can be reliably diagnosed as early as 18 months, many children are not diagnosed until age 4 or later. Knowing the early signs can help families seek evaluation and intervention sooner. Consider discussing your concerns with your pediatrician if you notice any of the following:
By 12 months
- Does not respond to name
- Does not point at objects to show interest
- Does not play peek-a-boo
By 18 months
- Does not say single words
- Does not engage in pretend play
- Avoids eye contact
By 24 months
- Does not use two-word phrases
- Loses previously acquired skills
- Does not imitate others
At any age
- Unusual repetitive movements
- Extreme sensitivity to sensory input
- Intense focus on parts of objects
Getting a diagnosis
An autism diagnosis is made by a qualified professional — typically a developmental pediatrician, child psychologist, or neurologist — through a comprehensive evaluation that includes parent interviews, standardized assessments (such as the ADOS-2), and direct observation of the child.
If you have concerns about your child's development, your first step should be talking to your pediatrician. You can also take our free M-CHAT screening tool, which can help identify whether a formal evaluation is recommended.
Why early intervention matters
Research consistently shows that children who receive early, intensive behavioral intervention — particularly before age 5 — demonstrate the greatest improvements in communication, social skills, and adaptive behavior. The brain is most adaptable during the early years, making this a critical window for learning.
Early intervention does not mean there is no benefit for older children and adolescents. ABA therapy produces meaningful outcomes at all ages. But starting earlier gives your child the best possible foundation.
Take the first step
If you have concerns about your child's development, you don't need to wait. Our free M-CHAT screening tool takes less than 5 minutes, or you can schedule a no-cost consultation with one of our BCBAs.